Selfridges Essay

SWOT and Financial Analysis of Selfridges PLC has four stores, one of which is the second biggest in the UK. The article will assess the key realities about the organization and why they are significant. This exposition will cover the money related execution, advertising methodology and a SWOT examination for Selfridges. The organization is notable and special as a result of its history and how it presently works. SWOT is an abbreviation for qualities, shortcomings, openings and dangers. By breaking down the four subjects, it is simpler to assess the current business situation.Once all the issues have been distinguished changes can be made so as to improve the organization. The PEST examination and other comparable procedures can likewise be utilized notwithstanding the SWOT for additional examination and improvement. Foundation Selfridges is situated in the focal point of London, on Oxford Street. Subsequent to taking only a year to manufacture, the store was opened on fifteenth Mar ch. Harry Gordon Selfridge, the organizer of Selfridges needed to fabricate an American retail establishment in London. The store provided numerous items and administrations including, scent, garments, home apparatuses and jewellery.Selfridges is presently a Public Limited Company which implies it offers to general society. Showcasing methodology Marketing technique incorporates the items, valuing, advancements and relationship the board. A method of staying faithful to clients is by offering them a dependability card, when the client utilizes their Selfridges faithfulness card they will get one point for each pound they spend. Selfridges offer items which fluctuate from extravagance things to high road brands. On some event famous people will visit the store and this draws in numerous clients on one single day.Selfridges additionally advances the store by having deals which offer markdown on things so as to pull in the client. Monetary execution When Harry first purchased the land where Selfridges would be fabricated it cost him $400,000 anyway in the 21st century the property was esteemed at more than ? 324m. Selfridges was sold In July 1951 for ? 3. 4 million to Lewis' Investment Trust and after 52 years the store was exchanged for ? 600m to Canadian food and pro retail representative Galen Weston and his family. In 1991 a multi year, ? 00m remodel was finished which refreshed the look and size of the store. The benefit in 2009 was ? 84m and is set to increment consistently every year. SWOT investigation Strengths Firstly, Being arranged in the core of London is a significant bit of leeway for Selfridges in light of the fact that focal London is such a well known spot. Furthermore, the items offered fluctuate from toys, garments, beautifying agents, home machines, furniture, gems and food. Selfridges has its own site so it can sell items online to individuals in the event that they can't visit the store for any reason.Furthermore the majority of the items s old in store are additionally accessible on the web so there this spares time for clients and representatives just as sparing space available. Selfridges comprises of more than 500 assorted brands available, this implies it spares individuals from going to various stores so it is much simpler for individuals to shop. Individuals can see extravagance brands, for example, Bvlgari, Christian Dior, Prada, Versace and some more. Topshop, Lipsy, FCUK and AllSaints are only four of numerous high road brands for individuals to look at.Selfridges provide food for various markets so there is something for everybody available. Shortcomings Even however Selfridges is anticipating opening new stores later on, there are at present just four stores. Stores, for example, John Lewis and Debenhams have more than 100 stores over the UK which makes it progressively available for individuals. A portion of the administrations Selfridges give might be costly in some people’s sentiment. For instance the vehicle leave at the London store costs ? 7 least, this may make clients park and shop some place else.With today’s expanding issue of a dangerous atmospheric devation and creature pitilessness, a few items may turn into an issue, or need changing so as to adjust to guidelines. For instance, the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton chose to blacklist shopping at Selfridges in light of the fact that foie gras (a food item produced using duck or goose liver) is being sold in the stores. Selfridges has various contenders, its primary opponents are Harrods, Harvey Nichols and John Lewis. Openings According to the Independent, there are tentative arrangements to build up the north area of the Oxford Street store and make an inn, workplaces, leisure.In the future Selfridges might open new stores in England or abroad in an alternate nation, for example, America where it is probably going to succeed, trade rates are additionally low. Selfridges as of now has their own dress range for fe males so it may be acceptable to begin another range, for example, male apparel or beauty care products. The market is continually changing and adjusting, new brands and items are continually being made. So the way that Selfridges is continually recharging their range is a chance. Faithful clients will consistently come back to see the most recent items in the market. ThreatsStores, for example, Harrods, Harvey Nichols and John Lewis all posture as significant dangers to Selfridges PLC in light of the fact that they are completely arranged in the focal point of London and furthermore pull in numerous likely clients. All the stores will rival each other with expenses and items. The current financial atmosphere is terrible for the organization since it influences numerous clients and the manner in which they go through cash. Assessments, legislative issues and government additionally have a significant effect on stores, for example, Selfridges. The current monetary atmosphere is likel y the greatest factor for Selfridges. Monetary atmosphere has influenced individuals and how they burn through money.Because Selfridges has practical experience in extravagance merchandise, the costs might be marginally high in some people’s assessment which will make them be hesitant to purchase items from Selfridges. A few people will decide to shop at other high road shops which offer better estimated things. End In my supposition Selfridges keeps on staying effective during the monetary emergency and stay serious against all other retail locations. All in all the primary qualities are that is it situated in the focal point of London on Oxford Street and there is a significant assortment of products.The fundamental soft spot for Selfridges is perhaps the current financial emergency since it impacts how individuals go through cash. Miss Selfridge, the woman’s garments extend began in 1966 and has developed consistently and is currently a significant high road store. Another open door could be that Selfridges may potentially open new item ranges or administrations, for example, inns or relaxation. Reference index http://www. georgianhousehotel. co. uk/london-shopping/selfridges. asp (30/11/2010) http://www. selfridges. com/en/StaticPage/Our+Heritage/? msg= (30/11/2010) http://www. ndependent. co. uk/news/business/news/selfridges-declare benefits increment 700045. html (30/10/11) http://www. missselfridge. com/vocations/ss10/enrollment/pages/course of events. html (30/11/2010) http://www. personneltoday. com/articles/2007/07/02/41308/selfridges-HR chief maria-stanford-changes the-retailers-hr-brand. html (30/11/2010) http://organizations. jrank. organization/pages/3724/Selfridges-Plc. html (30/11/2010) http://business. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article5536583. ece (08/12/2010)

Exposure to Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Stereotypes Essay â€Å"Stereotypes are difficult convictions, overgeneralizations, fantasies, and mutilated data about gatherings of individuals that shape individuals thinking and structure the premise of preference. Generalizations are anticipated through the media, become some portion of the aggregate awareness, and are utilized to legitimize segregation (York, 2006). † The media plays a gigantic impact on generalizations, regardless of whether it is relating to race, sex, culture, or even financial status it is as yet affecting the perspectives on the individuals who are uncovered. As I explored for this paper I understood that I have been so overexposed to these generalizations that I may have never remembered them without it being called attention to. This paper will talk about the impact that the media has on generalizations, and systems that could be utilized to check these impacts. Kids between the ages of 2 and 5 spend a normal of around 32 hours every week before the TV watching films and TV, and youngsters between the ages of 6 and 11 go through around 28 hours per week before the TV (No Author, 2010). All things considered, I imagine that our greatest impact on youngsters is TV and motion pictures. In spite of the fact that children’s TV programs appear to put forth a progressively cognizant attempt with regards to fairness among race, there are as yet unpretentious impacts that numerous guardians may not perceive are being instructed to their youngsters. I believe that the greatest cliché region I have seen on TV have to do with sexual orientation. Indeed, even 30 second plugs can establish a long term connection with youngsters. When pondering teddy bears and toy vehicles it is simple for a great many people to figure out which business young ladies would play in and which business young men would play in. As youngsters develop and recollect what is introduced to them they start to accept that young ladies and young men are unique and that they merit various things. Learned generalizations reach out into the school setting, and, if not perceived and took care of at an opportune time, can likewise stretch out into grown-up life and the work environment. Educators regularly observe cliché occasions happen in their homeroom day by day. Youngsters might not have any desire to play with their companions since they are a kid, or in light of the fact that they talk in an unexpected way, or on the grounds that they appear to be unique. This can have a colossal effect in the homeroom on social aptitudes including confidence, critical thinking abilities. At this youthful age understudies are realizing which of their companions are the harassers and which are the tormented. They are realizing which understudies have force, and which understudies are feeble. In an examination on sex generalizations inside the homeroom there is proof that cliché impacts are not simply found on the TV screen, they are likewise found in the study hall in course books, and even once in a while introduced by educators. In this investigation a lady named Erinosho broke down 76 science reading material. In the photos found in the course books 75. 6% indicated guys, and 24. 4% demonstrated females. Erinosho saw that females were frequently introduced as beauticians or secretaries, while guys were regularly introduced in callings like specialists or designers (). Presenting kids to these inconspicuous cliché pictures just make it increasingly hard to conquer issues with generalizations in the school setting. There are a couple of incredible systems that instructors can use within the homeroom in endeavor to balance the generalizations that kids are consistently presented to all through their day by day lives. Educators can make unobtrusive moves, for example, adding socially various materials to the homeroom, guaranteeing that housekeeping zones are speaking to the two guys and females, and adding dolls to the study hall that present our disparities. Educators can likewise set up pictures in the study hall of various societies, races, and sexual orientations cooperating similarly to accomplish a shared objective. As I would like to think the most ideal approach to check generalizations is to take the strong move and transparently talk about our disparities and likenesses as a class. Understudies ought to get the opportunity to talk about their societies and convictions straightforwardly among their friends. As teachers we can regulate the conversation and guarantee that the kids are gaining from one another and not accepting the open door to put each other down. As youngsters learn they are distinctive they will rapidly discover that they are additionally fundamentally the same as in a larger number of ways than one. It additionally might be advantageous to include guardians. Having teachers, understudies and guardians cooperating to achieve is generally useful to any circumstance. Regardless of what safety measures we take youngsters will be presented to generalizations routinely. Guardians and educators can cooperate with the goal that kids are additionally presented to the possibility that through our disparities all individuals are individuals and have the right to be dealt with and thought of as the equivalent.

Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de

Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de selva ´stra va ´lath da askälän ´ta [key], fl. 1769â€"79, Spanish explorer in the American Southwest and Far West, a Franciscan missionary. He was in charge of Pueblo missions in present New Mexico and led the expedition that hoped to establish overland communications with Monterey in Alta California. A preliminary journey in 1775 took him to the Hopi towns in N Arizona, and in 1776 he led an expedition from Santa Fe that crossed land that is now Colorado and part of Utah, reaching Utah Lakeâ€"the first white men known to have seen the Utah country. Mountain snows in the Sierra Nevada prevented him from going on to California, and with great hardship the party returned to Santa Fe. Escalante kept a singularly accurate journal, which was signed also by his associate and superior, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez. See H. Bolton, ed., Pageant in the Wilderness (1951). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia Univers ity Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de

Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de Escalante, Silvestre Vélez de selva ´stra va ´lath da askälän ´ta [key], fl. 1769â€"79, Spanish explorer in the American Southwest and Far West, a Franciscan missionary. He was in charge of Pueblo missions in present New Mexico and led the expedition that hoped to establish overland communications with Monterey in Alta California. A preliminary journey in 1775 took him to the Hopi towns in N Arizona, and in 1776 he led an expedition from Santa Fe that crossed land that is now Colorado and part of Utah, reaching Utah Lakeâ€"the first white men known to have seen the Utah country. Mountain snows in the Sierra Nevada prevented him from going on to California, and with great hardship the party returned to Santa Fe. Escalante kept a singularly accurate journal, which was signed also by his associate and superior, Francisco Atanasio Domínguez. See H. Bolton, ed., Pageant in the Wilderness (1951). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia Univers ity Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong Identity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1970 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“enjo kosaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? has appeared prevalently at Hong Kong in around October 2007, after a local newspaper reported that girls dating for compensation and branded product. However, the seriousness of the problem was not addressed until a 16-year-old enjo kosai girl was killed and dismembered by a 24-year-old man who was a drug abuser in July 2009. This incident aroused huge social concern towards this emerging trend which is originated from Japan. What is the situation in Hong Kong? This paper aims to review this problem by pointing out that negative family factors is an antecedents of enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong, as well as analyzing that these girls tend to be in the identity diffusion status. Roles of social workers, dilemma they face and future invention strategies are also discussed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong Identity" essay for you Create order LITERATURE REVIEW Background of Enjo Kosai à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enjo Kosaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, abbreviated as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“enkoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, which is translated in English as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Compensated Datingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Subsidized Datingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, is a term originated in Japan. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Enjoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“to assistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Kosaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“datingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The term was first report in a Japan Newspaper in September, 1994. With the spread of internet and cultural interflow, it was soon being prevalent in South Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong. At first, the definition meant teenage girls dating an older man for money or gifts, so as to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“assistà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? them from loneliness. Teenage girls regarded it as a part-time job, and for some of the participants, sex became part of the process. With the addition of sex for pay, the meaning of this activity became unclear. Nowadays, enjo kosai has generally turned into teenage sex work . The major difference between with prostitution is that, prostitution is generally performed in a brothel or by arrangement of a third party, while in enjo kosai, the fact is girls can choose men. If a girl does not like a man when she first sees him, she can leave him. As they are not bounded by any contract, they can conduct enjo kosai only when they need extra money. Causes of Enjo Kosai As suggested by Matsumoto (2002), in a survey by Asahi Shimbun in 1998, people where asked what they perceived to be the main contributing factors to this obvious social problem. The most common response was that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“parents cannot discipline their childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“society overemphasizes the desire of goodsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Typically girls commit in enjo kosai spend the money on expensive brand-named goods or on activities with friends. Although monetary reward underlies each of enjo kosai girls, apparently there are several explanations for the reasons behind. According to a Japanese study as suggested by Wakabayashi (2003), Maruta (2001) analyzed that there are three reasons why girls engage in enjo kosai: 1) efficiency of making money, 2) sexual desire, and 3) psychological compensation. The ratio among these three categories was 3:1:6. For the reason of psychological compensation, Maruta analyzed that there are two subcategories: 1) Girls are grown up in defective families and struggle with post-traumatic stress disorder or PSTD, which is a multidimensional construct of stress response syndromes. These girls have experienced some sort of trauma in their lives. This trauma might be physical, e.g., being raped or being physically abused by their parents; or it might be emotional, e.g., experiencing their parentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ divorce. 2) Girls seek to gain sexual experience, affirm their own sexual attractiveness and are possible to set a price for their bodies. Marutaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis found there might be certain psychological connections between enjo kosai and the compensation for the lack of love, loneliness and past trauma experiences. Not surprisingly, other recent research found the same result. McCoy (2004) suggested that many teenage girls who engage in enjo kosai experience family dysfunction and a lack of communication with their parents, or they feel overprotected or stifled. They tend to be unable to exercise self-restraint, act impulsively and feel lonely. Research on Enjo Kosai in Hong Kong As enjo kosai is an emerging issue in Hong Kong, little formal research is done as it is a new research topic. A few local social service agencies conducted exploratory research. Some significant research include 1) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“An Exploratory Study of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008): This is one of the earliest comprehensive exploratory studies on the emergence of enjo kosai in Hong Kong. Information of enjo kosai websites and other internet sources were extensively analyzed and six enjo kosai girls were being interviewed. Causes, prevalence and impact of enjo kosai were discussed. 2) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Adolescentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Views on Enjo Kosaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by Hong Kong Christian Service (2009) 3) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Secondary Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Knowledge and Values of Enjo Kosaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by Hong Kong Association of Sexuality Educators, Researchers Therapists (2009): They have done similar research on the causes of enjo kosai in Hong Kong, the value system of adolescents and their perception on this issue. Both studies suggested adolescentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ perceptions of the main reason that girls engage in enjo kosai is the efficiency of making money to buy branded products. These support the analysis of Kuruta (2001). 4) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Uncontrollable Desire of Consumerism? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Rethinking the Problem of Enjo Kosai in Hong Kongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by Office of Hon Cheung Kwok Che, Member of Legislative Council (Social Welfare Functional Constituency) Shiu, K. C. (2009): This study interviewed several enjo kosai girls and summarized different perspectives of viewing this problem in Hong Kong, including how society, police and the law treat enjo kosai. Social workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ roles, positioning and intervention method were discussed. Negative Family Factors Researchers have found parental and family relationship relates to teenage girlsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ sexual behavior, which applies to enjo kosai in this paper. Parental characteristics, family relationships, and attitudes, values and norms of family members also have been associated with adolescent sexual behaviors (Dorius et al., 1993). Adolescents from single-parent families have been shown to begin sexual intercourse at younger ages than those from two-parent families (Miller Bingham, 1989). Thornton and Camburn (1987) found that both parents and adolescents who have experienced divorce have more permissive attitudes about non-marital sexual intercourse. In addition, other than family factors that affect sexual behaviors, adolescentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ disclosure on their activities, i.e., communication with family also plays an important role in escalating and fostering enjo kosai activities. Dishion et al. (2004) suggested that monitoring is embedded within the parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"child relationship. Stoolmiller (1994) made a similar point that some teenagers actively avoid parental supervision, especially are disinclined to share information about their comings and goings and with whom they spend time. Both parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attempt and childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s willingness to disclose affect parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s involvement in and influence on children (Dishion et al., 2004). Marciaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Identity Statuses à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Identity Diffusion Erikson (1950, 1968) suggested the descriptions of identity formation as a particularly adolescent activity. He grounded that adolescents need to confront the crisis of identity versus role confusion. Marcia (1966) extended Eriksonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s theory into a structured Identity Statuses by accessing individualsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"crisisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"commitmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. This includes 1) Identity achievement crisis leading to commitment; 2) Foreclosure commitment without crisis; 3) Moratorium crisis with no commitment yet; 4) Identity Diffusion no commitment, no crisis. Marcia (1976) revealed that the Identity Diffusion individuals had in common a lack of direction and purpose in their lives and a pervasive air of unconcern about the matter. Some individuals were drifting and some were distressed. They seemed to have jobs rather than occupations. They tended to be controlled largely by immediate environmental influences. Kroger (1993) suggested that parents of identity defused adolescents are more likely laissez-faire in child-rearing attitudes. They are rejecting or not available to children. The adolescentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ personalities tended to be with low levels of ego development, moral reasoning, cognitive complexity and self-certainly. They tended to have poor cooperative abilities. ANALYSIS DISCUSSION Negative Family Factor as Antecedents of Enjo Kosai Activities in Hong Kong Following Dishion et al (2004) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interaction effect between adolescents developing deviant friendships and parents disengaging from family management, this paper applies the argument to enjo kosai: If a girl is involved in enjo kosai, her behavior will escalate under conditions of low parent monitoring, negative parent communication, and poor relationship quality. This interaction of family management degradation and enjo kosai involvement is also in line with Dishion et al.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premature autonomy hypothesis. Though having a small sample size in Hong Kong, Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008) found that all girls who engaged in enjo kosai they interviewed have a poor relationship with their families. They lacked communication with their parents and siblings, some were being abused and some parents were divorced. It is obvious that parental and family relationship strongly relates to enjo kosai activities in Hong Kong. Some interviewees agreed that their divorced family background might also foster them to involve in enjo kosai for psychological compensation of love and care. Identity Diffusion of Enjo Kosai Girls in Hong Kong From the above literature, it is reviewed that girls who engaged in enjo kosai activities could be applied as in the Identity Diffusion status. Despite McCoy (2004) found that in Southeast Asia, some girls who engage in compensated dating were frequently from middle or upper-middle-class families and were commonly good students and school leaders, while in Hong Kong, the situation is not the same. The few local studies suggested that enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong tend to have no commitment to schooling, education and have no seriously considered options of future career. Some of them treated enjo kosai as a part-time job. Their parents do not tend to discuss the future with these girls. The characteristics of Identity Diffusion adolescents also include high degree of anxiety and fluctuation in feelings about self and their dominant characteristics. Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2008)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s findings supported these. The girls they interviewed are distressed, anxious, uncertain about themselves when they were alone and psychologically empty. Abortion was also reported from some girls. Roles of Social Workers in Hong Kong The roles of social workers are controversial. Office of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) discussed extensively about the roles and ethical dilemma of social workers face when handling with enjo kosai cases. For example, 1) the dilemma between being responsible to the case owner (enjo kosai girl) versus being accountable to the school: whether social workers should confidentially help the enjo kosai girls or they should report to the school principal once they receive a case; and 2) the intervention of institutionalized life is good for all girls: whether putting enjo kosai girls into girls home is advantageous regardless of their long-term identity and personality development as well as social network. Office of Hon. Cheung Shiu (2009) also argued that the role of social worker is more like police. They claimed that nowadays more social workers tend to report and publicize the case rather than focus on confidentially due to social pressure. However, the intervention phase will be affected and might not be aiming at the biggest interest of the case owner. It is suggested a balance should be kept when facing the dilemma of confidentiality versus accountability. More agencies could conduct research on this topic so that social workers will understand more on the reasons behind enjo kosai and to help these girls. More training to social workers could be provided on this topic and outreaching teams that focus on this target group could be formed. CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS This paper concluded that negative family factors are antecedents of enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong. It also discussed that these girls tend to be in the identity diffusion status. This would be useful for social workers, social service agencies, sociologists and the government to understand more about enjo kosai, the role of family factors as well as the girlsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ psychological development. It is recommended that more comprehensive sex education shall be given in early and middle adolescence stage so as to build up and achieve youthsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ positive identity. On the other hand, more aid shall be given to existing enjo kosai girls in Hong Kong by social workers with focused outreaching teams.

Student Welcome Letter

A student welcome letter is a great way to greet and introduce yourself to your new students and their parents. Its purpose is to welcome students and give parents an insight into what you expect as well as what students need to do throughout the school year. This is the first contact between the teacher and home, so include all essential elements to give a great first impression and set the tone for the rest of the school year. Elements of a Welcome Letter A student welcome letter should include the following: Personal informationContact informationA description of your classroom behavior planA brief description of your classroom environmentHomework policyA classroom supply listA brief statement of your teaching philosophy Sample Welcome Letter Below is an example of a welcome letter for a first-grade classroom. It contains all of the elements listed above. September 2019 Dear Parents and Students: My name is Samantha Smith, and Id like to welcome your children, and you, to my first-grade class. Your children have all just completed a busy and productive year of kindergarten, and Id like to assure you that their education will continue as we work to meet their individual and collective learning goals. First, a little about myself: I have been a first-grade teacher for 25 years, including the last 10 here at Spencer V. Williams Elementary School. I believe in student-centered approach to learning. That is, I feel its important that I get to know every student individually and develop individual education goals for each that tie into our classroom learning. I also believe that its important that we—your child, you the parent, and I—work together as a team to help your children succeed. This year, we will be focusing on district and state first-grade learning standards, which include: Math: Problem-solving, operations, and number senseReading: Basic sight-word recognition, first-grade reading, phonemic awareness with more complicated sounds like blends and digraphsWriting: Formal work on handwriting skills in addition to creative writing tasksVisual Arts: Identification of lines, colors, shapes, forms, and textures as elements  Other Areas: Including basic science concepts, social studies, and social skills These are, of course, only some of the academic areas we will explore and learn this year as a class. I will inform you soon of our back-to-school night date and details, as well as dates for parent-teacher conferences. But please dont limit your contact to those. I am happy to talk or meet with parents any afternoon after school or early mornings. I have attached a copy of my classroom behavior plan, homework policy (I assign homework every weeknight except for Fridays), and classroom supply list. Please retain those for your records. Also, please feel free to call or email me with any questions, thoughts, and even concerns. Sincerely, Samantha Smith First-Grade Teacher Spencer V. William Elementary (555) 555-5555 smithsvwilliams.net Importance of the Letter The letter will be slightly different depending on the grade level. For middle school or high school, for example, or even for upper elementary school years, youll need to emphasize different curriculum requirements. But the letters structure can be similar regardless of the grade you are teaching because it sends a clear and open invitation to parents to work with you and their child as a team. Sending out this kind of letter to parents at the start of the school will make your job as a teacher much easier and open up a dialogue with parents, an important step in helping each child succeed in your class.

The Pros and Cons of Migration to Australia Essay

The Australian Oxford mini dictionary (2006, p.318) states that, migration is the movement from one place; especially a country, to settle in another. As stated by Mulvany Caroll (2003, p.28) during the past ten decades the Australian Government has tried various ways of enticing people to immigrate to Australia. Australia is one of the most multicultural countries in the world. According to Mulvany Caroll, â€Å"The number of countries represented by people coming to Australia is a lot greater today than it was at Federation, in 1906†(2003, p.28). Migration to Australia has increased over the years due to various reasons such as: the need for specialist training, better life, environmental changes and child migration schemes, etc. The†¦show more content†¦This implies that, their counties have to tolerate poverty to keep their physicians and nurses, but they need to overcome poverty to increase their investments in their health workforce. Although most Governments do not consider environmental decline as a cause of migration; it is evident that it is. Millions of people migrate during life threatening environmental disasters in order to save their lives. Shah (cited in Graeme, 1996) indicated that, natural disasters are increasing over time and that a large number of lives were lost and 86% of the disasters happened in Asia. Graeme (1996) in his study indicates that, there was migration in huge numbers by environmental refugees in 1976; when China experienced its worst earthquake. Similarly in Bangladesh, in 1996 five consecutive floods left over 30 million people homeless and killed 900 people, as well as 85,000 head of cattle. Reports by Kayastha and Yadara (cited in Graeme, 1996) indicate that, 15million natural disasters affect people each year, of which: 2.5 million lose their homes and 4 million need to migrate to look for food and shelter. Graeme (1996) also states, that Africa has generated the largest number of environmental refugees ; for instance, desertification is rapidly increasing in the Sahel and its loss of arable land is largely anticipated. In addition, the droughts of 1968-1973 and 1982-1984; this caused a million ofShow MoreRelatedLiberalism And Human Rights Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesneutrality of state’ is really not the case as the states already create ‘societal cultures’ through nation building and other public institutions. Therefore, he believes states should be pro-active and take necessary policy actions to protect minority rights and help such groups to flourish culturally. The pros of such an approach are several. Groups feel included and it adds to the diverse fabric of societies. 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Into the blazing stillness of grief, the mourning angst echoes like an unruffled midnight roar Essay Example For Students

Into the blazing stillness of grief, the mourning angst echoes like an unruffled midnight roar Essay Into the blazing stillness of grief, the mourning angst echoes like an unruffled midnight roar that brings forth the dread in every living creature in that once quiet lay in Lebanon. The affected are perplexed with helplessness, hunger, disease, isolation and foreboding, you will hear a piercing ill-omened outcry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a heartbreaking veil of a lifes canvass grounded by hostilities. Lives lost in gray, hope mislaid and the future is vanished- turning back the tide of time beyond the beginnings. Incredulity? let us not be unsighted by our faith. If our counsel recite that illustrious exodus of our bible from the heart of its pious wisdom; let all amen. But in times of treachery to perfidy a flimsy faith to trail a ruthless plot calculated to deceive an innocuous heart is a dismal and to those who are sentient consenting such leader perfecting in conspire? Let you be haunted by the souls you slaughtered. The obliteration is vast, its disturbing trauma will forever last until the end of age, its psychological horror will rut in the souls of those who witnessed the bloody times that ensnare the lives of the innocent. Like a perpetual vista; that furious fire that doom and the times of war will forever be evoked. And why did it happen?. Like any other manner of fight, supremacy is the typical raison dÃÆ' ªtre in dealing with all sorts of impact in order to victor a game. And such political drama; like an ensemble à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these religious brawny have had perfected the art of manipulating the poor using the obverse of religious kinds in order to sham and denote the might of control even if it causes a ruinous means of war. That, as it happens it has eroded a once carved footprints of hope, dreams and aspirations. And as we all find the ray of hope faded in the light; let not the sunrise fade to those who are among victims.

Colombia Essays - Americas, Andean Community,

Colombia COLOMBIA GEOGRAPHY: Colombia stretches over approximately 1,140,000 sq. km, roughly equal to the area of Portugal, Spain, and France put together. Colombia occupies the northwestern end of South America, and is the only country there with coasts on both the Pacific (1350 km long), and the Atlantic (over 1600 km.) Three Andean ranges run north and south through the western half of the country (about 45% of the total territory.) The eastern part is a vast lowland which can be generally divided into two regions: a huge open savannah on the north, and the amazon in the south (400,000 sq. km approx.).Colombia is a country of geographical contrasts and extremes. As well as the features mentioned, it has such curiosities as the desert of La Guajira, the peninsula in the most north-eastern tip of the country; the jungle of the pacific coast which holds one of the world's rainfall records; and the Serran?a de la Macarena, an isolated mountain formation about 120 km. long, rising abruptly from the eastern plains to some 2500 meters. Colombia also has several small islands. The major ones are the archipelago of San Andr?s and Providencia in the Caribbean Sea, the Islas del Rosario and San Bernardo along the Caribeian coast, and Gorgona and Malpelo in the Pacific Ocean. HISTORY: Spaniards founded Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien in 1510, the first permanent European settlement on the American mainland. In 1538 the Spaniards established the colony of New Granada, the area's name until 1861. After a 14-year struggle, in which Sim?n Bol?var's troops won the battle of Boyac? in Colombia on Aug. 7, 1819, independence was attained in 1824. Bol?var united Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and Ecuador in the Republic of Greater Colombia (1810-1830), but lost Venezuela and Ecuador to separatists. Bol?var's Vice President, Francisco de Paula Santander, founded the Liberal Party as the Federalists while Bol?var established the Conservatives as the Centralists. Santander's presidency (1832-1936) re-established order, but later periods of Liberal dominance (1849-1857 and 1861-1880), when the Liberals sought to disestablish the Roman Catholic Church, were marked by insurrection and even civil war. Rafael Nu?ez, in a 15-year-presidency, restored the power of the central government and the church, which led in 1899 to a bloody civil war Foreign Languages

Usage Essays - Cannabis In The United States

Marijuana History / Usage Essays - Cannabis In The United States Marijuana History / Usage Ben Holicky Marijuana is a drug that has been used for thousands of years. Marijuana was used in ancient China, as far back as 5000 B.C. The Incans and Mayans used marijuana in religious ceremonies. Marijuana also has roots in this country. The Indians of the plains used marijuana in their peace pipes as a sign of friendship and peace. After prohibition there was a sharp rise in the use of this drug in America, but after prohibition was repealed the use went down. In the 1920s and 30s the use of marijuana was primarily by the minorities. In the 1930s it was common belief that minorities where inhumane and violent, and people believed that marijuana was part of the cause. Then in 1937 marijuana was declared illegal. This was done with no research. It was just assumed that marijuana caused psychological dependence, provoked violent crimes, and led to insanity. People were told that marijuana would make people want to take a gun, knife, or weapon and kill someone. Prohibition on marijuana was estab lished due to a misunderstanding. Prohibition has not achieved its goal, and goes against an American philosophical approach. I believe it is time to look at the facts and benefits, and to reconsider marijuana prohibition. Marijuana has a positive effect on patients with certain diseases. AIDS victims are sometimes prescribed marijuana to help increase their appetite. Victims of AIDS do not want to eat and thus they do not get the nutrients they need. Marijuana helps them to eat, and thus enabling them to get the nutrients they need. Marijuana also helps to increase the appetite in cancer patients. People who get glaucomas also use marijuana. It helps to ease the pain for many glaucoma patients. Marijuana is very helpful to these people. This is just one example of why marijuana prohibition should be reconsidered. When comparing tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana, there is evidence that marijuana has the least addictive power. During the Nixon administration, the government concluded that marijuana did not posses any physically addictive traits. The University of California did a study on the power of heroin, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and marijuana in terms of power to induce psychological dependence. Nicotine was first, marijuana last. Marijuana was deemed least likely to produce signs of withdrawal upon quitting, and last in terms of producing a physical tolerance to the drug. Marijuana is less addictive than two legal drugs in this country. This does not make sense, and so prohibition should be reconsidered. The United States government spends too much money each year on prohibition of marijuana. The DEA spends 1.3 billion fighting marijuana, and that does not include the cost of prison management and construction. Overall, the government has spent 30 billion of the taxpayers money. Of felons convicted of crimes related to marijuana possession, production and trafficking through 1980-1992, 58% had no prior arrest history, 91% were not identified as organizers, leaders, managers or supervisors of drug-oriented organizations, and 92% did not own or posses a gun. In other words, the government is spending millions of dollars putting non-violent otherwise law-abiding citizens in jail and making the taxpayers pay the bill. The amount of money spent on war on marijuana is unreasonable. This is not worth it, and is another reason why prohibition of marijuana should be reconsidered. The original motivation for marijuana prohibition was based on a lack of knowledge, and should be reconsidered. Even after research showing the drug to be much better than originally thought, people will not change their view on the matter. And so billions of dollars will continually be spent on persecution and enforcement, while is does not change anything. The patterns do not change and the use does not decline, and the government will not change their view on the subject. The prohibition on marijuana is costly, does not work, and should be reconsidered. It is time that we see and end to the prohibition of marijuana. Bibliography Science Book

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Discussion - Essay Example The cause of the fire outbreak was electrical fault (omoakala.blogspot.com, 2012). The myth of panic during fires means that in the incident of fire breakout, people get into panic and make their utmost effort to escape and save their own lives irrespective of others. Such a behavior is identified as a myth because this is not what normally happens during a disaster. There is a great deal of difference between the myth of panic and the actual behavior of people observed during the incident of a fire outbreak. In reality, people tend to help as many people as they can even if they have to put their own lives in danger for that. People help others around them before helping themselves. This behavior has been commonly observed during the disasters. For example, during the 9/11 attack, people not only helped their friends and relatives escape, but also the strangers (White, 2003). In the event of fire outbreak, occupants’ decision making is influenced by a whole range of factors including commitment, familiarity, role and responsibility, and social. The occupants cannot think of leaving people they are familiar with behind in trouble. They feel an intrinsic sense of commitment and moral obligation to God as well as other people to help the people. It seems just too out of place and selfish to just take care of one’s own life and forget one’s role and responsibilities toward others. Man is known to be a social animal. Likewise, the occupants’ decision making during a fire outbreak is affected by their social networks and links. Occupants’ individualistic traits like their age, gender, physical and mental capabilities play a fundamental role in the level of help they can extend to others during a fire outbreak. Certain occupants like children, women, and old men indeed need others’ help to escape since they cannot even help themselves whereas other

The relationship between a Toucans beak and new materials Essay

The relationship between a Toucans beak and new materials - Essay Example An example of such natural inspirations is the toucan’s beak. This is a great natural phenomenon that has attracted much attention from material engineers as they try to study its properties and understand the factors behind its unique features. The toucan’s beak is long and thick, and is perceived to be heavy for the bird though it is relatively light despite its size (Seki, Kad Benson & Meyers, 2006). The toucan’s beak is a third of the bird’s length, about 1/20 it’s mass, and has been proven to possess great stiffness (Seki, Schneider & Meyers, 2005). A study of the bird’s beak found it to be made of a sandwich composite with keratin on its outside and close calcium cells rich proteins making a fibrous network (Seki, Schneider & Meyers, 2005). Moreover, the closed cell making the bird’s beak has fibers with a young modulus of more than twice as high as the keratin shell on the outside due to the calcium content. Therefore, such biological materials when well-studied inspires engineers to come up with materials that correspond to the beak, which incidentally would offer similar characteristics and qualities in engineering materials , resulting to superior materials for specific us age. For example the length of a toucan’s beak and its size in relation to its light weight inspire engineers to come up with martials with a keratin coating on the outside, fibrous networks on the inside, plus an added calcium layer to achieve the strength and flexibility portrayed by a toucan bird, but still meet the need to have such a large component with light weight. In the construction industry where flexible materials are essential, such toucan’s beak offers a great inspiration for engineers to come up with similar materials, which will offer more flexibility, will be much light compared to its size, will possess great strength, and which will absorb high impacts (Biomimicry Institute 2013). Such materials

Capacity Planning And Timing Strategy Business Essay

Capacity Planning And Timing Strategy Business Essay This report discusses a case study on capacity planning and facility location at Georgia Pacific a company that has undergone growth. The case study illustrate the importance of growth and its linkage to the environment. The report first start with defining the capacity planning and control then looks at capacity-timing strategy Georgia Pacific uses and the factors that influence this strategy. Then looks at major factors that it used to make its capacity expansion decision and what other factors might the company have considered. The report then further explain the technique Georgia Pacific used to make its facility location decision and what other facility factors might the company have considered. Also the report looks at how environmental considerations affect capacity planning and facility location at Georgia Pacific and lastly in my own opinion explain if Georgia pacific has made the correct capacity planning and facility location. Finally the report concludes with Georgia paci fic production style, the manner in which the company operates as a team, its environmental consideration and decision making process. Definition on capacity planning In operations management, capacity is referred as an amount of the input resources available to produce relative output over period of time.(citation) Strategic capacity planning is important in an organisation mainly because its facilitate the organisation to meet its future requirements. Planning guarantee that operation cost are kept at a minimum level without affecting the quality, it also guarantee that organisation remain viable to attain its long-term plan for expansion Capacity planning and timing strategy Long range capacity planning and control primarily depends on a range of factors and some of the factors Georgia-Pacific used base on the on changes in capacity are Market conditions: The timing of the market and making a decision base on the market gives the organisation a competitive edge as well as an increase in market share. Georgia-Pacific have used these strategy to increased its production capacity base on the changes in the market, as the market grew production was increased so as to meet the demand. Technology: The change in the technology means organisation, required fewer resource to operate its production and therefore this means that with the advance technology Georgia-Pacific can increase its production ability with only slight equipment changes. Equipment: So to achieve a large increases in production capacity, Georgia-Pacific use improving the already existing equipment, or set up new equipment, The major factors that influence the buying of sawmill is because of the strategic location of the sawmill and since the capacity of the sawmill was restricted in 1970 when it was first built buying it 1987 and expanding the operation such as adding drying kilns, a planner mill for finishing on site and a warehouse for storing the finish lumber to improved production capacity and the fact that the plant has the basic equipment and the has company owned forests in the area were more economically viable. Factors deciding the expansion The timing in making a decision to expand a business is vital, as you need to carefully study the fiscal benefits of such expansion such as assessing having the cash for the investment to cater for the additional inventory, new facilities or equipment. At Georgia-Pacific the various factors considered in deciding whether to buy and expand the sawmill in Florida for example are Market conditions: Florida has an excellent market condition such as the speedy growth of population and the boom in home construction because of these strategic position of the location of Florida gave Georgia-Pacific an edge over their competitors Raw materials à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Georgia also considered this site because it own forest in the area that also had other position of privately owned timber. Environment- That the other major factors to consider was legislation and government policies regarding the environment Georgia Pacific considered this factor and assessed the environmental regulation of Florida and find out that Florida has more strict environmental regulations that make it hard to build a new plant than to acquire an existing plant. Economics- This is a major factor to considers when planning for capacity expansion as this affect the economic viability of the organization. Georgia pacific has considered this factor by analysing the return on investment when acquiring facilities and found out that acquiring and expanding was much easier and economically viable that building new facilities. Labor à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ The availability of labor both skill and unskilled is very important when considering making a decision for capacity expansion. As for Georgia pacific the nearby facility mean that the sawmill could draw some trained personnel. Equipment à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ As for a long term capacity expansion the availability of equipment to carry the operation is a major factor to consider. For Georgia pacific the already existing sawmill had the vital required equipment and facilities such a functioning road system, a nearby rail road spur, and electricity facilities. Overall at Georgia pacific acquisition of the sawmill offered exceptional potential for capacity expansion and the sawmill was expanded in 1998 hence greatly contributed to the success of the Georgia pacific. What other factors might the company have considered Other factors include Facilities location decision The decision on where to locate facilities is the most important factors in capacity planning and its where the success of the company depends. Facility location involves organisation seeking to locate, relocate or expand their operation, the decision process encompasses the identification, analysis and evaluation of a selection among alternative, Since at Georgia Pacific facility location mostly involves long term commitment of resources the decision on where to locate facilities are mainly affected by several factors such as financial, capacity and technology as well as political, economic and social.. However in the case study at Georgia pacific corp. the main focus of consideration are raw material, market condition labor force, government regulation and policies and finally energy utilities Market condition- Georgia pacific asses the market condition by serving so as know the demand and place the product close to the location. Raw materials- Georgia pacific review the availability of raw so to have adequate supply of locally available raw materials at a low price Government regulation- Georgia pacific choose where the state and local government welcome companies by looking at factors where they have relax tax and environmental policies as well as attitude of the local towards industry such as florida Labor- Georgia pacific have assessed the availability of local work force that can be easily train Utilities- Georgia pacific have considered the availabilities of all utilities necessary such as such as water, electricity and natural gas. Other factors that Georgia pacific could have also consider could be the availability of less expensive land with a bigger space as well as land with quality and efficiency facilities such as such as roads, bridges, water and sewer systems, airport and cargo facilities, energy systems, and telecommunications. Also there other crucial factor that George pacific could consider could be the cost of transportation in terms moving the product as well as the supply cost. For example proximity to supplier can be excellent for JIT production as it improves performance of deliveries and reduces inventory as well as reducing cost. Environmental consideration In general environmental consideration is part of capacity planning and facility location. It was paramount that Georgia Pacific makes itself environmental friendly. Since Georgia pacific depends on timber as a natural resource, they need to assess location where environmental policies are either relax or less strict. For example Georgia Pacific had to buy the sawmill in Florida with strict environmental rules that makes it more difficult to build a new facility. In order to reduce pollution caused by transportation Georgia pacific corp. have considered locating the material close to the site by expanding operation such as adding drying kilns, a planner mill for finishing and a warehouse for storing the finish lumber on site. also choosing municipal sewage disposal system on site at skippers site ,also the skipper was near an excellent timber base and a nearby resin plant that uses the residuals Opinion on Georgia Pacific It is believe that Georgia Pacific has made the correct capacity planning and facility location since all consideration were carefully analyses and decision made base on the out came. The main emphasis was the market condition and the raw materials. The market condition was important because it focuses on the product demand, equally the availability and the location of raw materials so as to reduce the cost of transportation as well and meet the demand of the government or state environmental policy on industries all the factor discuss above were carefully consider by Georgia pacific corp. hence execute a well plan capacity planning and facility location. Conclusion In the case study it looks like at Georgia Pacific the emphasis is on growth, and so capacity increase and acquisition is a way of life. It assesses possible increase of capacity by working as a team to solicit suggestion and obtaining information and use a check list for major factors such as deciding on market demand, technology equipment and labor. Also since the company depends on timber as a natural resource environmental consideration is equally important. All of the above factors are very important part and parceled in decision making on capacity planning and facility location. The factors listed on this report are very crucial when making capacity decisions. Capacity planning is a very important aspect in manufacturing companies, as it to do with meeting the customers demand. They also have a long term impact. Capacity also determines the selection of appropriate technology, type of labour and equipments. The right capacity ensures economically viable business

The Great Depression in Canada :: essays research papers

Canada suffered its longest and most terrible economic depression in its history between 1929 and 1939. It is now known as the Great Depression. This essay will demonstrate the major causes, political, economic and social consequences, and the government’s solutions from the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected all of Canada and is a key part of our history. It is important that we learn from it so we can prevent it from happening again. There were many causes for the Great Depression. The first and one of the largest was the stock market crash. Before 1929 the stock market was flourishing and everyone wanted to buy stocks. People were so confident in the stock market that they were buying â€Å"on margin†, which meant that brokers would lend them 10% of the money they invested (D1). The problems began when stocks were being over speculated. When people began to realize this, they began selling there shares. On October 29, 1929, 16 million shares were sold (D9). This day became known as â€Å"Black Thursday†, the day the stock market crashed (D12). The second reason was the overproduction of goods. Factories had already produced too many goods and now there was no demand for them. The government began to raise tariffs to protect Canadian industries but things only led downhill from there. There were two major political consequences of the Great Depression. The first was that new political parties were formed in Canada. The new political parties were the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the Social Credit Party, and the Union Nationale (UN). The CCF was founded by J.S. Woodsworth and believed in the establishment of minimum wage, accident and sickness insurance, old age pensions and unemployment insurance. The Social Credit Party was founded by William Aberhart. He believed that governments should issue money to everyone so that they could buy goods in a form of â€Å"social credits†. In the 1935 provincial elections he took 56 of 63 seats giving him a total victory. The UN was founded by Maurice Duplessis due to the union of Action Liberale Nationale and the Conservative Party. They promoted the traditional values of the Catholic Church and believed in a rural lifestyle. The second political consequence was a conflicted relationship between the fe deral and the provincial governments. The depression showed the federal government that provincial governments did not have enough money to carry out significant projects. The Great Depression in Canada :: essays research papers Canada suffered its longest and most terrible economic depression in its history between 1929 and 1939. It is now known as the Great Depression. This essay will demonstrate the major causes, political, economic and social consequences, and the government’s solutions from the Great Depression. The Great Depression affected all of Canada and is a key part of our history. It is important that we learn from it so we can prevent it from happening again. There were many causes for the Great Depression. The first and one of the largest was the stock market crash. Before 1929 the stock market was flourishing and everyone wanted to buy stocks. People were so confident in the stock market that they were buying â€Å"on margin†, which meant that brokers would lend them 10% of the money they invested (D1). The problems began when stocks were being over speculated. When people began to realize this, they began selling there shares. On October 29, 1929, 16 million shares were sold (D9). This day became known as â€Å"Black Thursday†, the day the stock market crashed (D12). The second reason was the overproduction of goods. Factories had already produced too many goods and now there was no demand for them. The government began to raise tariffs to protect Canadian industries but things only led downhill from there. There were two major political consequences of the Great Depression. The first was that new political parties were formed in Canada. The new political parties were the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the Social Credit Party, and the Union Nationale (UN). The CCF was founded by J.S. Woodsworth and believed in the establishment of minimum wage, accident and sickness insurance, old age pensions and unemployment insurance. The Social Credit Party was founded by William Aberhart. He believed that governments should issue money to everyone so that they could buy goods in a form of â€Å"social credits†. In the 1935 provincial elections he took 56 of 63 seats giving him a total victory. The UN was founded by Maurice Duplessis due to the union of Action Liberale Nationale and the Conservative Party. They promoted the traditional values of the Catholic Church and believed in a rural lifestyle. The second political consequence was a conflicted relationship between the fe deral and the provincial governments. The depression showed the federal government that provincial governments did not have enough money to carry out significant projects.

Concentration helps the child in his social development Essay

â€Å"The first essential for the child’s development is concentration. It lays the whole basis for his character and social behavior, he must find out how to concentrate, and for this he needs things to concentrate upon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Absorbent Mind, Chapter 22 Discuss how the Montessori Education helps to develop a child’s concentration and helps the child in his social development. In order to accomplish any task you need to be able to concentrate your mind for a time, it is a basic requirement for learning or socializing. Children not only need to be able to focus on tasks but also need to stay in the one place long enough to understand the task at hand, so they can listen to and follow instructions. Montessori Education system offers remarkable methods of teaching children, the system believes in working with children who show attention problems and helping them develop the essential mechanism for learning – Concentration, which helps in social development of a child. This system stands out because it does not create a divide between children who are smart and the ones, who are disoriented. According to the system a child’s mind should be dealt with sensitivity and utmost care, all disorders should be acknowledged for fine tuning before a child can actually start processing knowledge that is imparted to him. A child can only develop social skills after he has mastered the essential attribute of concentration â€Å"Concentration is a part of life. It is not the consequence of a method of education.† The Child, Society and the World p. 12, Chap II Children from time to time experience some concentration or focusing difficulties, this for the most part happens when they are over-tired, over-stimulated or over-loaded. However some children due to their  physiology or psychology have greater difficulty focusing on tasks and on other people, children may either settle into a task very smoothly or find starting a task difficult or they lose focus entirely and leave that task half done. It is not possible for a child to develop social skills if his concentration is diluted. There are diverse reasons why children have problems concentrating. One child might be visually oversensitive. For example, he’ll be highly distracted by bright sunlight coming in through a window or too much color on a display board. Another child who is oversensitive to smells might be distracted by the teacher’s perfume or an odor coming from the cage where the animals are kept. Auditory sensitivity can be just as distracting. Some children are so sensitive to certain kinds of low-pitch sounds, such as motors, that if their classroom happens to be near the boiler room, a rumbling noise most people don’t even notice will grab their attention. If we could get these children in a less distracting environment, they might do much better at attending. Dr. Maria Montessori, the pioneer of children’s education introduced methods that were widely accepted all across the world. Her primary focus being fine tuning the concentration power of a child, she clearly cited that â€Å"The First essential for the child’s development is Concentration†. The foremost purpose of Montessori education is to help children develop concentration skills already within them and direct them to exercise this creative learning process all through his social life. The inspiring Montessori environment provided to the child is mapped with care to help the child develop a concrete foundation for future creative learning and interaction. The learning activities provided are individualized, so that the learning task appeals to the child- this helps develop a positive attitude towards school. There are specific activities that are provided to the child that helps in building the habit of concentration. The learning environment is equipped appropriately so that the child has a series of absorbing experiences that helps him form habits of gradual extended span of attention. Montessori learning environment is all about surrounding the child with learning activities and appealing materials. We also see children  who are under-reactive and may not focus when they hear a voice. Typically, they don’t alert to sounds or to touch. A teacher might tap a child with this problem on the shoulder, and he will seem to be â€Å"living in his own world.† Montessori structure provides unparalleled child concentration solutions, it deals with these issues very sensitively and strategically. â€Å"A teacher does not interfere when a child is destroying a piece of material, because she thinks that this may be a moment of concentration.† Ibid p.13, Chap II Now, in order to develop a child’s concentration there are a number of Montessori methods that are currently in practice – Focusing on Individual disparities Montessori educations principal objective is to identify disparities and cure them before a child starts to learn things. It’s important to remember that children with developmental difficulties may have multiple disorders at the same time which forbids them from concentrating, for instance – An auditory processing problem which makes it difficult for a child to make sense of the things he hears. If you give him three or four directions, he may only get the first two and seem not to be concentrating on what you have instructed him to do. Visual-spatial processing problem provide still other deterrents to concentration. A child with this challenge doesn’t need glasses; she just has difficulties organizing what she sees. For example, if you hide something in the child’s room, instead of searching in each corner or looking under things, she may get stuck looking only in one part of the room. Children with this difficulty may be over focused some of the time and unfocused other times. They may have problems connecting what they see with what they hear, which hampers learning to read as well as attentiveness, and so they may appear lost or easily side-tracked. Motor planning or sequencing is yet another disorder that has been identified in children who are struggling with motor planning or sequencing, the ability to carry out complex actions, to plan and sequence ideas. This situation is even more common than processing problems. Let’s take the example of a child who is  trying to get dressed. The way Montessori education works is, first – diagnoses the concentration disorder of the child for cure, once the curing is done and the teacher is confident – the learning process begins. Thinking about Attention The mind has many different functions that contribute to attention. As per Montessori culture, if we treat all intrusion on attention as one and the same thing, we can’t help children master their own particular challenges. So by looking at inattention in terms of what contributes to it rather than as one global function, we are better able to identify the different origins of the problem in different children. If we figure out the underlying troubles, we can develop specific exercises to strengthen the underlying functions. This method offers a better way to help a child become more focused and attentive. Watching Closely The Montessori education system looks very closely at children and observes who are inattentive, self-absorbed and daydreaming, while not overlooking the ones who show an unusual amount of activity and may even be aggressive with others. Interestingly, a lot of overactive children turn out to be under reactive to things like touch and sound, and even to pain. They crave more sensations and so become very active in an effort to get more sensory input. They feel the need to be moving in space just to keep their own inner sense of movement going. In contrast, children who are overactive to their own movement are likely to be very cautious. They don’t like to move much at all and none of them would turn out to be the daredevil who jumps from the top of the monkey bars. The system points out that – It’s important to note that worries and fears can cause children to be very active and inattentive. Some children may be showing sensitivity to medications or to foods or chemicals in their environment. Many children are overloaded when they feel overwhelmed with noise and commotion, or they’re enduring an environment that’s scary or abusive. In the end there’s no substitute for trying to understand what’s at work for each individual child by profiling her unique characteristics. Encouraging Team Approach Montessori system has persistently pointed out that both teachers and parents  are the key members of every team. They know the child best. They know the subtleties of what each child can and can’t do — not just at school, but at home and with peers. Bringing in qualified professionals can help everyone better understand the child’s strengths and areas of vulnerability. A child psychiatrist or clinical psychologist can look at the child’s processing challenges, the family dynamics, the role of anxiety, and so on, and then make suggestions. With the help of additional team members observing in the classroom and talking with teachers and parents, we can tease out of the special area of concentration trouble. Montessori education encourages both parents and teachers to implement the following measures that can help a child concentrate better, the measures are – Attend to their physiological needs – 9 hours of good sleep with reduced sugar intake, also increased protein levels. Removing distractions at home – preventing noise, fighting and un-necessary people. Creating a mood – Calming background music, placing a fish tank in a place of work and removal of distracting lights (neon/ fluorescent) Introduce sequencing and organization activities Figure out activities that a child focuses on best – some kids concentrate better when they are involved in hands-on activities, while others focus better when there are plenty of visual cues to help them. Making it Automatic Montessori education system strives to improve concentration in children and make it automatic. Anyone who has learned to drive a car will have had the experience of thinking, â€Å"How will I concentrate on all these things?† Extensive practice allows for the pathways of concentration. As mentioned earlier, the system pays close attention to a child’s pattern of concentration and identifies links between diet, their energy pattern, sleep and your own behavior. Based on which a child is assisted to concentrate better, he will be engaged in activities that he gets lost in; and those activities that he can literally spend hours in. These activities enhance children’s concentration levels. Giving value to Play Play is a wonderful word, which conjures up a sense of freedom and joy with little sense of purpose or a goal. Montessorians consider that this  demonstration of freedom and joy is just as evident whether a young child chooses to work or play. They value children’s engagement in any activity which leads the child to a deep level of engagement and concentration. This kind of play is serious and hard work for the child. It is the work of self-construction. Children have their own agenda for development which reveals itself through every activity, whatever we call it. Offer a child a choice between ‘pretend’ cooking and ‘real’ cooking and we soon see the true nature of childhood revealed to us. Equally, all children will engage in family role-play, and gain enormous satisfaction in practicing and fulfilling the roles of their play scenarios. From the Montessori perspective, ‘play is work’ and ‘work is play’. The defining factors are freedom of choice, the exercise of will and deep engagement, which leads to concentration. Legacy of Observation All Montessorians appreciate the legacy of observation as manifested in Montessori’s Curve of Work. This is one of the observational methods used by Montessorians to follow Children’s levels of involvement and concentration. When the curves of work are mapped against the levels of involvement and engagement as identified by the Effective Early Learning project (Pascal and Bertram, 1997) we can really appreciate the true value of spontaneous learning available to children in Montessori settings and how it contributes to sustained periods of high levels of concentration. Adjusting Interaction Montessorians believe in adjusting interactions to better meet the child’s needs. For instance, talking or singing rapidly to a child with auditory-processing difficulties can cause him to tune out. Communicating slowly and calmly, in shorter segments, may help him to focus and attend. Since many children with auditory-processing difficulties are strong visually, try relating to them visually and verbally. Pick up a cup and point to it. Then point to the milk carton and say, â€Å"Milk?† At a Montessori school it is ensured that words along with actions and visual pictures are  used as it works better for a child who is a strong auditory processor but weak in the visual area. Looking for an area of strength to aid in mastering the individual child’s developmental is the ultimate goal at these schools. â€Å"An interesting piece of work, freely chosen, which has the virtue of inducing concentration rather than fatigue, adds to the child’s energies and me ntal capacities, and leads him to self-mastery.† Ibid p.188, Chap 19 The above discussed methods have been devised over a course of time, Montessorians employ and implement these methods to help children build their concentration and in turn sharpen their social skills. Developing social skills is the big picture, because human beings as we all know are social animals – we socialize day to day, we need to interact in a certain way which is acceptable by the society and the world around us. Montessori at an institutional level endeavors and weaves a cohesive understanding of child development (from birth through adolescence), family systems, and social contexts to prepare culturally competent children of tomorrow. From the moment of birth, a child begins to develop his or her personality. All infants develop this way through social relationships and experiences. Montessorians help children become socially active by practicing some basic exercises – Providing a Society Children are born with drives that urge them to relate to others and help others relate to them. According to Montessori’s plan, around the age of two and a half or three, children enter a Casa dei Bambini or Children’s House. The doctor told students in a 1946 teacher-training course that children â€Å"need the society of other children at this age.† Involvement in activities The activities available to the children in a Montessori classroom are â€Å"purposive†Ã¢â‚¬â€they are able to be performed by the children for both selfish and social ends. When children work in this way they increase their level of independence and come to realize that their actions benefit others. Sociable Classroom In the social life of a Montessori classroom, children come to prefer one another’s company to dolls, and they prefer â€Å"real† utensils to toys. While working with objects such as real brushes for cleaning, and real carpets to  sweep, children attain real skills that allow them to participate more fully in life at home as well as at school. Basic Etiquettes Along with such practical lessons as cleaning and sweeping, the children in a Montessori class learn pro-social behaviors. The exercises of Grace and Courtesy, as the names imply, help children control their bodies and move more gracefully while giving them the courtesies of social life, the â€Å"pleases† and â€Å"thank you’s† that denote distinguished manners. â€Å"The child begins to practice with respect to himself the same forms of behavior that others formerly practiced with respect to him† Internet Solitary Behavior A casual observer might not notice the richness of the social atmosphere in a Montessori classroom. From age three to six, little children tend to work side by side rather than together. Montessori pointed out that’s because the first essential of the child’s development is not really play at all! Instead, the first essential of the child’s development is concentration because it lays the basis for the development of an individual’s character and subsequent social behavior. Concentration is always solitary, even in the midst of a crowd, and there is no real achievement without it. Sense of Freedom A Montessori primary classroom creates conditions that allow children the freedom to manifest their natural developmental propensities. With a prepared environment and freedom to act within it according to their inner needs, individual rhythm and tempo, children exhibit characteristics not generally attributed to them. â€Å"It is different from the discipline of a soldier, with his forced obedience, when we all have to do the same thing at the moment. This is a social discipline and it brings people into harmony with each other.† The Child, Society and the World, p 24, Chap III. To conclude, I would say that – unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, a child does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Child’s life is independent. He is born not for the development of the society alone, but for the development of his self. As Montessorians we continue to believe that education must concern itself with the development of individuality and allow the individual child to remain  independent not only in the earliest years of childhood but through all the stages of his development. Dr. Montessori has termed the child as a â€Å"Spiritual Embryo†. As per a new born child is psychologically still in an embryonic state – his inner development is incomplete. It is the child task to create himself. He is born with the inner qualities like intelligence, Knowledge, self-realization. Through work only a child reveals his potential and his will help him to achieve the personality and his will help him in growth of his psychic development. He is responsible for his own self-construction. BIBLOGRAPHY S.NO. AUTHOR BOOK PUBLICATION 1 Grose, Michael INSIGHTS, Journal 2009 2 Greenspan, Stanley I. Early Childhood today, SCHOLASTIC 3 Montessori, Maria The Child, Society and the World 4 Montessori, Maria The Absorbent Mind 2010 5 Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich Journal

The Determinants Of Violence And Video Games Essay

According to The Entertainment Software Association (2016), a total of 23.5 billion dollars were spent in the games industry in 2015. In addition, 63% of U.S. households are home to at least one person who plays video games regularly. The industry keeps expanding and gaining popularity around the world. Action and shooting games are the most popular genre on the market (ESA, 2016). Many of these games includes violence, gore and sexuality. Even â€Å"E† rated games can provide gender discrimination, hypersexualization and violence without blood. Many youth wants to play video games because of its trend. With all the violence happening in the world like school shootings, homicides, domestic abuse. Many factors can affect these sad events such as different personality trait of the individual, different parenting style, multiple external factors, gender representation and masculine norms. A literature review was done to examine the determinants of violence and video games. 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